MARDHATILLAH, M.; SAMAD, D. .; FIRDAUS, F. Political Transformation and the Transition of Islamic Civilization from the Classical to the Modern Era, and Islam’s Contribution to World Knowledge. TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 9, p. 5910–5922, 2025. DOI: 10.61445/tofedu.v4i9.1379. Disponível em: https://journal.tofedu.or.id/index.php/journal/article/view/1379. Acesso em: 18 feb. 2026.