[1]
N. A. N. . Fadliana, F. . Ismail, I. Ismail, and Z. Zuhdiyah, “Cities at the Center of the Islamic Intellectual Movement: Mecca, Medina, Kufa, Baghdad, Egypt, and al-Andalus”, TOFEDU, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 2537–2544, Jul. 2025.