TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal

The Efforts of PAI Teachers in Analyzing Student Knowledge Through Diagnostic Assessment at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam

Ulfa Tulhuiriah — 2025-08-25

This study aims to determine the efforts of PAI teachers in analyzing student knowledge through Diagnostic Assessment at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The population of this study includes all teachers at SMP Aisyiyah, and the sample consists of PAI teachers teaching the Merdeka curriculum at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam, selected using Purposive Sampling technique along with descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data display, and verification or conclusion drawing. The results of this study show that Diagnostic Assessment has been implemented at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam, but in practice, there is still a lack of synchronization between the planning in the teaching module and its implementation. Supporting factors for the implementation of diagnostic assessments include support and supervision from the curriculum vice-principal. With the implementation of diagnostic assessments, teachers can adjust lessons to meet student needs and align learning with the objectives to be achieved. The challenges faced in the implementation of diagnostic assessments include a lack of teacher training, which results in teachers not conducting more engaging diagnostic assessments, and difficulties arise when encountering students who do not understand or grasp the material to be taught in lessons.

Development of Early Childhood Receptive Language Skills Through the Chain Message Game at Pertiwi Kindergarten, Koto Padang, Koto Baru Subdistrict, Dharmasraya Regency

Novi Respita — 2025-08-23

The promlem in this research is that children’s language skills are less fluent, they cannot listen well and they have limitid vocabulary. The purpose of this study is to determine how teachers implement the chain message game, to determine the development of receptive language skills, and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the chain message game.This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects were two teachers and 15 students. Data collection techniques using observation, interview, and documentation. Data validity techniques using triangulation.The results of this study are first, the way teachers implement the chain message game, among others, the teacher asks the children to sit in a circe, the child gets a message from the teacher, the child passes the message to the child next to him, the child who gets a whisper passes it to the friend next to him, and so on until the message returns to the teacher. Second, the development of receptive languange skills of early childhood through chain massage games at Pertiwi Kindergarden is developing very well (BSB). Of the 15 students, there are 9 children developing very well (BSB) with a percentage of 78 % to 100%, 5 children developed according to expectations (BSH) with a percentage of 60 % to 75 %, and 1 child began to developing (MB) with a percentage of 57 %. Third, the advantages of chain message geme are that it increases student activity, training four skills, attracting students, creates a sense of happiness, is active, and is confident, has no burden in the learning process, and improves cooperatition. Four, the disadvantages of chain message game are that the class becomes crowded, takes a long time, is too active, and interactions are less conducive

The Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Enhancing Student Creativity at SDN 002 Ibul, Pucuk Rantau District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province

MHD Agussalim Tanjung — 2025-08-24

The Merdeka Curriculum began to be implemented at SDN 002 Ibul in 2022 as part of the government's effort to improve the quality of education in accordance with the National Education Standards (SNP). However, to date, it remains uncertain whether the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at SDN 002 Ibul has truly succeeded in enhancing student creativity in the learning process. This issue remains unanswered both theoretically and practically in the field. Therefore, this study aims to examine and analyze the extent to which the Merdeka Curriculum contributes to enhancing student creativity at SDN 002 Ibul.This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The main instrument in this study is the researcher herself, who acts as the primary tool for collecting descriptive and contextual data. The sources of data consist of both primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity is tested through credibility (internal validity), transferability (external validity), dependability (reliability), and confirmability (objectivity) techniques.The research findings indicate that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at SDN 002 Ibul can significantly enhance student creativity. This is evident from the achievement of 12 creativity indicators: having a high curiosity, frequently asking meaningful questions, offering many ideas and suggestions to solve problems, being able to express opinions spontaneously without fear, possessing and appreciating a sense of beauty, having independent views and expressing them without being easily influenced by others, having a strong sense of humor, possessing vivid imagination, offering unique solutions and ideas (originality), being able to work independently, enjoying trying new things, and being able to develop or elaborate on an idea. Overall, it can be concluded that the Merdeka Curriculum can enhance student creativity at SDN 002 Ibul through learning freedom and the role of the teacher as a facilitator.

The Role of Character Education in Improving the Quality of Islamic Education at Salafiyah Al-Madinatul Munawwaroh Islamic Boarding School

Rizki Uswatun Hasanah — 2025-08-25

This study aims to identify and describe the information literacy skills possessed by the librarian at SMA N 1 Koto Salak, Dharmasraya Regency. Information literacy is an essential skill that must be mastered by librarians, especially in supporting the learning process and assisting students and teachers in accessing, evaluating, and utilizing information accurately and responsibly. In the digital era, where information flows abundantly, librarians are expected to possess strong information literacy skills in order to play an active role as literacy facilitators within the school.The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and documentation. This study explores five main aspects of information literacy: identifying information needs, searching for information effectively, evaluating information, using information ethically and legally, and presenting information appropriately. The findings show that the librarian has a basic understanding of information literacy. However, there are still limitations in evaluating information and making optimal use of information technology.Based on these findings, it is recommended that the school and the education office provide continuous support through regular information literacy training, improved access to technology and digital resources, and enhanced collaboration between librarians and teachers in the learning process. In doing so, the librarian’s information literacy skills can continue to develop and positively impact the quality of library services in the school.

The Use of the Merdeka Mengajar Platform in Implementing the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum at SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai

Dara Puspita Sari — 2025-08-23

This study is motivated by the need for digital transformation in the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, particularly through the use of the Merdeka Mengajar Platform (PMM) at SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai. This platform is expected to support flexible, contextual, and student-centered learning. However, its application still encounters several technical and non-technical obstacles. The purpose of this research is to examine the use of PMM based on indicators such as user activity, availability of training materials, teachers' participation in self-paced training, availability of interactive features, and assessment tools; and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The participants were the school principal, vice principal for curriculum, and teachers of SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai. The data were analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, with source triangulation to ensure data validity. The results showed that: activity in PMM was inconsistent; only some teachers used the platform regularly, The training materials available were comprehensive, but not fully utilized due to time constraints, Teachers' participation in self-training varied, depending on their motivation and administrative workload, Interactive features such as forums and communities were underutilized due to a lack of familiarity, The assessment feature had not been fully implemented due to a lack of technical guidance. Supporting factors included internet access, support from the school principal, and availability of Belajar.id accounts. Inhibiting factors involved low digital literacy, high teacher workload, limited ongoing training, and resistance to new technology. It is concluded that the PMM platform has strong potential to support the Merdeka Curriculum, but its effective use requires intensive training, infrastructure improvements, and better time management strategies at the school level.

The Effect of Compensation,Work Motivation, Andwork Discipline on Work Achievement of Subdistrict Office Employees Koto Baru City Sungai Penuh

Hendra Hendra — 2025-08-26

This study aims to find out: 1) To determine the effect of compensation on the work performance of employees of the Koto Baru Sub-District Office of Sungai Full City partially and how much 2) To determine the effect of work motivation on the work performance of employees of the Koto Baru Sub-District Office of Sungai Full City partially and how much magnitude 3) To determine the effect of work discipline on the work performance of employees of the Koto Baru Sub-District Office of Sungai Full City partially and how much 4) To determine the effect of compensation, work motivation and work discipline on the work performance of employees of the Koto Baru Sub-District Office of Sungai Full City simultaneously and how big. The population in this study were employees of the Koto Baru Sub-District Office of Sungai Full City with a total of 11 employees. Furthermore, it was found that all populations were used as samples of 11 employees with saturated sampling techniques. The data analysis tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee work performance as evidenced by tcount > ttable or (5.838 > 2.36462) and sig < α (0.001 < 0.05), so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The magnitude of the effect is 3.6%. Work motivation has no effect on employee work performance, as evidenced by tcount < ttable or (-1.009 < 2.36462) and sig > α (0.346 > 0.05), so Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. The magnitude of the effect is 15.9%. Work discipline has a negative and significant effect on employee work performance, as evidenced by tcount < ttable or (-6.023 < 2.36462) and sig < α (0.001 < 0.05), so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The magnitude of the effect is 9.1%. Compensation, work motivation, and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on the work performance of employees at the Koto Baru Subdistrict Office, Sungai Banyak City, this is proven by Fcount > Ftable or (15.352 > 4.35) and sig < α (0.002 < 0.05), then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. The magnitude of the effect is 86.8%.

The Effect of Multiliteracy Learning Model on Critical Thinking Ability of Fourth-Grade Students at SDN 19 Sitiung

Sukriadi Hasibuan — 2025-08-25

This study aims to determine the effect of the multiliteracy learning model on the critical thinking ability of fourth-grade students at SDN 19 Sitiung. The problem identified is the low critical thinking ability of students due to a lack of self-confidence, difficulties in decision-making, and challenges in problem-solving. This research uses an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consists of 26 students. The instrument used was a validated and reliable critical thinking questionnaire. The results show that the average pretest score of 61.4 increased to 72.7 in the posttest. The hypothesis test using paired samples t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the multiliteracy learning model significantly affects the improvement of students' critical thinking skills. This model has been proven to make students more active, confident, and able to think critically.

The Implementation of Drumband Extracurricular Activities in Character Building of Students at SD Negeri 3 Pagar Alam

Ratih Mustika Dewi — 2025-08-25

This study aims to determine the implementation of the Drumband extracurricular activity in character building at SD Negeri 3 Pagar Alam, as well as to identify the factors that hinder its effectiveness. The background of this study is the lack of good character, particularly in teamwork, which is caused by the absence of mutual help among peers. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The population of this study includes all students participating in the Drumband extracurricular activity at SD Negeri 3 Pagar Alam, totaling 133 students. The sample consists of 70 fifth-grade students who participate in the Drumband extracurricular activity. The results show that the Drumband extracurricular activity can contribute to character development in students. The obstacles identified include limited time, a shortage of Drumband instructors, the diverse character traits of students, and limited supporting facilities and infrastructure.

Application of Differentiated Instruction on Early Childhood Socio-Emotional Development at Tunas Muda Kindergarten, Perhentian Sungka

MHD Agussalim Tanjung — 2025-08-23

This study was motivated by the absence of learning methods that accommodate diverse child growth and development, as well as the low level of social-emotional development at TK Tunas Muda Perhentian Sungkai. Therefore, the research examines the implementation of differentiated learning on children’s social-emotional development. The objective of this research is to explore how differentiated learning supports early childhood social-emotional development.This descriptive qualitative research was conducted at TK Tunas Muda Perhentian Sungkai from March to April 2025 under the theme “I Love the Earth,” with the sub-theme “Caring for Allah’s Creation Plants,” over three sessions. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, using both primary and secondary data sources. Data analysis included reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through triangulation.The findings indicate that differentiated learning at TK Tunas Muda Perhentian Sungkai effectively supports children’s social-emotional development by applying strategies tailored to their needs and creating a supportive learning environment. The percentage of children in the "Developing as Expected" (BSH) category increased from 37.78% to 80%, while those in the "Starting to Develop" (MB) category decreased from 62.22% to 20%, demonstrating the method’s effectiveness. The successful implementation of differentiated learning is supported by teachers, the principal, parents, and available facilities, despite challenges such as limited time, classroom space, varied child characteristics, and learning resources. Collaboration among all parties significantly enhances children's social-emotional development.

Development of Flash Card Media to Improve Beginning Reading Skills of Grade 1 Students at SDN 05 Pulau Punjung

Suci Rahma Putri — 2025-08-26

This research is motivated by the problems faced by students who have not yet memorized letters, struggle to distinguish similarly shaped letters, experience difficulties in spelling, and are not yet fluent in reading. The purpose of this study is to produce flash card media that is valid, practical, and effective. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D), employing the PLOMP development model, which consists of three stages: preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The validity of the flash cards was assessed by four validators: the language expert validation scored 96.25% and was categorized as very valid; the material expert validation scored 96.25% (very valid); the media expert validation scored 95.31% (very valid); and the teaching module validation scored 98.7% (very valid). The practicality of the flash card media, based on a teacher response questionnaire for first-grade teachers, received a score of 100% and was categorized as very practical, while the student response questionnaire obtained an average score of 90.5%, also categorized as very practical. The effectiveness results based on learning tests of students at the primary school yielded an average of 94.73%, categorized as very effective. From the one-to-one evaluation trial, an average of 95.5% was obtained, categorized as very practical, and from the small group evaluation trial, an average of 95.6% was obtained, also categorized as very practical. The effectiveness data were analyzed based on students' learning outcomes.

The Effectiveness of Remedial Instruction on Learning Outcomes in PAI Subject at SD Negeri 7 Paya Bakong

Usman Usman — 2025-08-25

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of remedial programs on student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SD Negeri 7 Paya Bakong. Using a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design method, this study involved 30 students who scored below the minimum completion criteria (KKM) as research samples. Data collection was conducted through direct observation, written tests, and documentation. The results showed a significant increase in students' average scores from 65.3 to 78.6 after implementing the remedial program, with 86.7% of students successfully achieving scores above KKM. The implemented remedial program included individual and small group learning, with learning approaches tailored to student needs. Success supporting factors included personal learning methods, school support, and collaboration between teachers and parents. This research recommends developing more innovative remedial learning methods, improving teacher competencies, and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems to enhance the effectiveness of remedial programs in the future.

Strategies for Instilling Moral and Religious Values in Preventing Bullying Behavior at TK Doa Bunda Sungai Rumbai

Mira Antika — 2025-08-24

The background of the problem in this study is that there is bullying behavior carried out by students at TK Doa Bunda Sungai Rumbai are in the from of verbal bullying, physical bullying, and relational bullying. The bullying cases that occur are such as between students pinching, kicking, hitting, nicknames, slander, ridicule, eye contact, sighs and sneers so that they cause discomfort for victims of bullying. This research is qualitative method. The objects of this research are 1 teachers, 1 principals, and 20 students at TK Doa Bunda Sungai Rumbai Dharmasraya Regency. Data collection is observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Technique data validity is triangulation.The results of this study indicate that the forms of bullying carried out at Doa Bunda Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten are verbal, physical,and relational bullying with a total of 98 times. The most common form of bullying is verbal bullying 40 times with a percentage of 41%, consisting of 15 times of name calling, 6 times of slander, and 19 times of teasing. The form of physical bullying was carried out 38 times with a percentage of 39%, namely pinching 9 times, hitting 20 times, and kicking 9 times. Relational bullying was carried out 20 times with a percentage 20% consistingof 5 glances, 7 sighs, 8 taunts. The data shows that every day, the number of students who engage in bullying behavior decreases from the first day of the tenth study. Furthermore, this study also identifies strategies for instilling moral and religious values in preventing bullying behavior at Doa Bunda Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten, namely role model strategies, habitutation strategies, advice giving strategies, promise and threat giving strategies, and discipline strategies. Factors causing bullying behavior are influenced by family factors which are the main factors causing bullying in children, mass media factors, peer group factors or friends, and individual factors.

The Role of the School Principal in Promoting an Innovation Culture in SD Negeri 002 Ibul Elementary School, Pucuk Rantau District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau

Tanti Arimbi — 2025-08-24

The background of this research reveals that there are still several challenges faced by the principal in fostering a culture of innovation in the school. One of the main challenges is the resistance from some teachers to adopt more active and creative learning methods. In addition, limited time and heavy workloads pose further obstacles for teachers in implementing innovative ideas. Nevertheless, the principal continues to show a strong commitment to improving the quality of learning and school facilities. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the principal's role in overcoming these challenges and in sustainably promoting a culture of innovation at SDN 002 Ibul.This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with primary data sources from the principal, vice principal, and teachers, and secondary data from books, journals, articles, and documentation. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions with verification. The validity of the data was tested using credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results show that the principal plays an active role in developing various innovative programs such as the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5), digital media, and project-based learning. Additionally, the principal creates a conducive learning environment by providing multimedia rooms, teaching aids, and encouraging the use of technology in the learning process. From a managerial perspective, innovations are managed through training, monitoring, and regular evaluations. The principal also fosters collaboration among teachers, students, parents, and external parties to ensure the sustainability of innovation. A pleasant working atmosphere is cultivated through discussion spaces and the active involvement of teachers in decision-making processes. Teachers are encouraged to implement creative learning methods such as using videos, educational games, ice-breaking activities, and thematic learning. Evaluations are conducted periodically through meetings and classroom observations, along with continuous teacher capacity development through training. These efforts highlight the strategic role of the principal in nurturing a sustainable culture of innovation within the school environment.

Development of Web-Based Promotional Media for UPTD Elementary School 03 Pangkalan, Jorong Banjaranah, Pangkalan Koto Baru Subdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota Regency

Yoki Hasra Maulana — 2025-08-25

In the field of education, the need for fast and accurate access to information is essential for teachers, students, and parents. To support effective and efficient information delivery at SD Negeri 03 Pangkalan (Elementary School), a web-based information system has been developed to facilitate the management of school data, news, announcements, achievements, and contacts. This study aims to design and implement a web-based information system using the Waterfall approach as the system development model. Data collection techniques used include interviews and observation. The design of the web-based school information system at SD Negeri 03 Pangkalan employs the UML (Unified Modeling Language) development method, consisting of Use Case Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams, and Class Diagrams. The database design uses MySQL, and the system interface was developed using XAMPP as the web server, with PHP and MySQL for the database. The results of this study are a web-based system that can assist the school in managing and distributing information digitally, enhancing transparency, and facilitating user access. The conclusion of this study indicates that the implementation of a web-based information system can improve communication and school promotion effectiveness, as well as ease the management of necessary data.

The Role of Teachers in Guiding Students to Use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Responsibly at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Izzah, Sungai Rumbai District

Siska Yulianti — 2025-08-24

This thesis is motivated by the underdevelopment of children's gross motor skills and the limited variety of games that can stimulate gross motor skills in 5-6 year old children at Sungai Rumbai State Kindergarten 01. The purpose of this study was to determine the stimulation of children's gross motor skills through modified relay race games.This research is descriptive and uses qualitative methods. The data sources were two classroom teachers and 15 students aged 5-6. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. Data validity techniques included data triangulation.The results of the research on the forms of relay race modification games at TK Negeri 01 Sungai Rumbai include balloon relay, colored ball relay and rubber pass relay. The steps of the relay race modification game include, preparing the tools and materials to be used, dividing the children's teams according to the number of children, the teacher exemplifies the game to the children, guides the children to take positions, the teacher gives the signal to start the game, guides the first and second players to pass objects, guides the third player to put objects into the container at the finish line and guides the game until it is finished. The gross motor skills of children aged 5-6 years at TK Negeri 01 Sungai Rumbai through the relay race modification game are proven to increase from the category of starting to develop (MB) to developing very well (BSB). Before being implemented, 73% of children were in the category of starting to develop (MB) and after being implemented, 80% of children were in the category of developing very well (BSB). The balance indicator improved from the "beginning to develop" (MB) category with a percentage of 46%, increasing to "very well developed" (BSB) with a percentage of 92%. The agility indicator improved from the "beginning to develop" (MB) category with a percentage of 42%, increasing to "very well developed" (BSB) with a percentage of 92%. The coordination indicator improved from the "beginning to develop" (MB) category with a percentage of 37%, increasing to "very well developed" (BSB) with a percentage of 77%. The flexibility indicator improved from the "beginning to develop" (MB) category with a percentage of 48%, increasing to "very well developed" (BSB) with a percentage of 90%.

Using Charades Games in Enhancing Eight Grade Students’ Speaking Skills

Putri Nurhidayah — 2025-08-25

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of the charades game method in improving the speaking skills of eighth grade students at PKKPS Wustha Hidayatul Qomariyah Bengkulu City. This type of research is experimental research with Quasi Experimental design. The population in this study were all eighth grade students at PKKPS Wustha Hidayatul Qomariyah as many as 67 students. While the sample used was only 30 students, namely students of class VIII A and VIII B female with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling, the instrument used in this study was a test instrument to test students' speaking ability. Then based on the calculation of the Independent Sample t Test, the value (sig) = 0.29> 0.05 is obtained so it can be concluded that there is an effect of the charades game method in improving the speaking skills of eighth grade students at PKKPS Wustha Hidayatul Qomariyah Bengkulu City.

Analysis of Teacher Consistency in Using Ice-Breaking Activities in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam

Siti Nur Aisah Siti — 2025-08-25

This study aims to examine the consistency of teachers in using ice-breaking activities in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject at SMP Aisyiyah Terpadu Pagar Alam. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results show that teachers routinely use ice-breaking activities in their lessons. However, ice-breaking has not been included in the teaching module, so consistency has not been fully achieved. This is due to a discrepancy between what is implemented in the classroom and the documents being used. Factors supporting the consistency of teachers in using ice-breaking activities include school support and enthusiastic responses from students. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the limited time teachers have to find ice-breaking ideas, the lack of training from the school, and some students struggling to understand the instructions during the ice-breaking session.

Implementation of Fantasy Gymnastics to Develop Physical Health in Children Aged 5-6 Years at Islamic Kindergarten Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan

Ratna Windari — 2025-08-23

This research is motivated by the importance of developing physical health in early childhood as a foundation for optimal physical and motor growth. Children aged 5–6 years are in a golden period of development, thus requiring proper stimulation through fun and age-appropriate physical activities. The research problem is: How is the implementation of fantasy gymnastics to develop physical health in children aged 5–6 years at TK Islam Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan? The study aims to determine how the implementation of fantasy gymnastics can develop the physical health of children aged 5–6 years. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The respondents consisted of 15 students from group B, two kindergarten teachers, and several parents. The research was conducted in March–April 2025, using observation, interviews, and documentation for data collection. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity regarding the implementation of fantasy gymnastics to develop physical health in children aged 5–6 years was ensured through data triangulation. The results show that the implementation of fantasy gymnastics at TK Islam Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan ran well and suited the characteristics of active and imaginative 5–6-year-old children. This activity effectively influenced the development of physical health by encouraging children to be more active and confident, while improving gross motor skills, stamina, and movement coordination. Observations revealed that 12 children showed improvement in gross motor skills, 13 participated actively, and 12 demonstrated better fitness and healthy lifestyle habits. Fantasy gymnastics not only impacted physical skills but also fostered healthy lifestyle patterns and active participation, making it a fun and beneficial learning strategy for developing early childhood physical health. The study concludes that implementing fantasy gymnastics regularly and creatively at TK Islam Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan is effective in developing the physical health of children aged 5–6 years.

PowerPoint-Based Guessing Games on Wild Animals Theme to Enhance Speaking Skills of Group B Children at RA ATTA'LIM Sungai Duo

Wina Yulia — 2025-08-24

The problem addressed in this study is that in Group B of RA ATTA’LIM Sungai Duo, children's language development, especially in speaking skills, had not developed optimally. This was indicated by children not speaking fluently or correctly, having difficulty expressing ideas verbally, and possessing limited vocabulary during the learning process both with teachers and peers. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether PowerPoint-based guessing games on the theme of wild animals could improve the speaking skills of Group B children.The type of research is descriptive qualitative. The place schedule was from February 24 to April 14 in RA ATTA’LIM sungai duo. The research instruments were observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data consisted of 16 children from group B and 3 teachers, while secondary data were used to support the research. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques involved data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data validity technique used was triangulation.The research results show that the language game guessing games based on PowerPoint with the theme of wild animals has a positive impact on improving the speaking skills of Group B children. (1) The implementation of the PowerPoint-based guessing games with the theme of wild animals is in accordance with the indicators based on Wibowo & Suyadi’s theory (2021:10). (2) The speaking ability of Group B children at RA ATTA'LIM Sungai Duo before the implementation of the PowerPoint-based guessing games with the theme of wild animals was relatively low, as indicated by several children being at the “Not Yet Developed (BB)” level. (3) There was an improvement in the speaking skills of Group B children at RA ATTA'LIM Sungai Duo after implementing the PowerPoint-based guessing games with the theme of wild animals. In Meeting 1, MB reached 68 %, Meeting 2 reached 81%, and Meeting 3 reached 93%. Thus, it can be concluded that PowerPoint media and the guessing games approach have proven effective in stimulating language development in early childhood, particularly in speaking skills.

The Use of Damdaman Educational Play Tools to Develop Logical Thinking Skills in Children at TK Islam Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan

Erdilla Ani Setianingsih — 2025-08-25

The research problem focuses on the use of the educational game tool damdaman to enhance children's logical thinking skills, which were previously at the "emerging" stage. The objective of the research is to analyze how the damdaman educational game helps in developing children's logical thinking. This descriptive qualitative research was conducted at TK Islam Bakti 63 Tanjung Harapan over two sessions from Monday, April 14, 2025, to Tuesday, April 15, 2025. Data collection instruments included observation sheets, interviews, and documentation. Primary data sources included 11 group B children, 2 teachers, and a set of damdaman game media. Secondary data consisted of game scores, logical thinking development assessments, and information from the school principal. Data validity was ensured through triangulation.The results show that using damdaman significantly improved the children's logical thinking. (1) The use of the damdaman educational tool aligned with the expected indicators. (2) Across 8 indicators, the game proved effective in enhancing logical thinking. The majority of children reached the "very good" development category (60.8%), and none remained in the "not yet developed" category by the third observation. The game supported logical reasoning, fine motor skills, and cooperative play in an engaging way. Continued collaboration between teachers and parents is essential to sustain and evenly distribute this progress. (3) The game fostered skills such as recognizing patterns, sequencing, and planning. The "not yet developed" category decreased to 0%, while "developing as expected" and "very well developed" increased to 64.1%. at Conclusion The damdaman educational game is an effective tool to develop logical thinking skills in early childhood

English Speaking Anxiety of Vocational High School Students: Factors and Strategies to Cope With

Gaby Styfany — 2025-08-25

This study investigates the factors contributing to English speaking anxiety among vocational high school students, particularly in the hospitality department, and explores effective coping strategies. The purpose is to understand how psychological, social, and environmental factors influence students' reluctance to speak English and identify ways they manage their anxiety. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations from 8 tenth-grade students at SMKN 1 Surabaya. Data analysis involved thematic coding to identify key anxiety factors and coping mechanisms. Findings revealed that fear of negative evaluation, communication apprehension, test anxiety, perceived low proficiency, and classroom environment significantly contribute to speaking anxiety. Students employ strategies like preparation, relaxation, positive self-talk, peer support, and resignation to cope. The results highlight the importance of supportive classroom settings and tailored interventions to reduce anxiety and improve speaking confidence. These findings contribute to the understanding of language anxiety in vocational contexts and suggest practical approaches for educators to facilitate effective communication skills development.

The Role of Administration in Improving Administrative Services at SMA 2 Sungai Rumbai

Mutia Kirani — 2025-08-24

This research is based on the vital role of administrative staff (TU) in supporting the smooth operation of schools, particularly in administrative services. Initial observation at SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai revealed several issues such as disorganized filing systems, frequent errors in correspondence, and time constraints in completing administrative tasks. These issues prompted the researcher to investigate the extent to which administrative staff contribute to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of school administrative services.The purpose of this study is to examine how administrative services are implemented at SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai, understand the roles carried out by the administrative staff, and identify their contributions in enhancing the quality of these services. Ultimately, the research aims to provide factual insights and solutions to the administrative challenges faced by the school. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects include the Principal, Head of Administration, and three administrative staff members of SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai. Data collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is based on the Miles and Huberman interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. No hypothesis is used due to the qualitative nature of the study.The results indicate that administrative services at SMAN 2 Sungai Rumbai are carried out according to indicators, including the manual recording of incoming and outgoing letters in an expedition book, document duplication using a printer due to the absence of a photocopy machine, orderly maintenance of the expedition book despite the lack of digital integration, and conventional archiving based on year and type of document. The role of administrative staff involves gathering documents from various sources, recording all incoming letters and important data, managing documents according to unit needs, duplicating letters with available tools, delivering documents to relevant parties, and storing archives in designated cabinets. In terms of improving administrative services, the administrative staff actively contribute by simplifying correspondence procedures, maintaining accuracy in recording, fostering teamwork, and organizing archives more systematically. Although challenges remain, such as limited human resources and inadequate facilities, the role of administrative staff continues to develop professionally with the support of the principal and a collaborative work culture.

The Role of Fifth-Grade Teachers in IPAS Learning at SD Negeri 01 Ulak Karang Padang

Dhora Alfarida — 2025-08-25

This research was conducted due to the minimal role of teacher in IPAS learning. Research background this study is based on the observation that many students exhibit poor behavior and during lessons delivered by the teacher at the front of the class, many students do not focus on paying attention. It is also evident that the teacher has not fully implemented their role in the learning process; for example, the teacher does not provide reflection at the end of the lesson and has not been able to create a conducive and enjoyable learning atmosphere. This research aims to describe the role of the fifth-grade teacher in teaching Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) at SD Negeri 01 Ulak Karang Padang. This study uses a qualitative approach. The subjects of the research are the fifth-grade homeroom teacher and the fifth-grade students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results obtained, the teacher in the classroom during IPAS lessons plays the roles of facilitator, motivator, and guide. The teacher needs to better implement their role during the learning process. The teacher should also stimulate students’ enthusiasm and motivation to learn IPAS. The teacher is encouraged to maximize their roles as motivator, facilitator, and guide.

The Role of Character Education in Improving the Quality of Islamic Education at Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Madinatul Munawwaroh

Sri Wahyuni — 2025-08-24

This study discusses the role of character education in enhancing the quality of Islamic education at Salafiyah Al-Madinatul Munawwaroh Islamic Boarding School. Character education is considered a crucial element in moral and spiritual development. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results show that character education at the boarding school is implemented through the habituation of Islamic values, the enforcement of school rules, and routine religious activities. These strategies have proven effective in shaping students to be disciplined, responsible, honest, and respectful towards their teachers and peers.The research method employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects of the study were students, caregivers, and teachers at Salafiyah Al-Madinatul Munawwaroh Islamic Boarding School. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The purpose of this research was to comprehensively describe how character education is implemented at the boarding school and its influence on the students' personality quality. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The study further reveals that character education is applied through various strategies, such as implementing regulations, fostering noble behavior, and applying educational sanctions for rule violations. The school leaders and teachers play an active role in guiding students to become disciplined, responsible individuals who respect others. The values instilled include discipline, honesty, responsibility, and proper etiquette toward teachers. These values are applied through classroom learning, religious activities, and daily life in the dormitory.

The Effect of Differentiated Learning Approach on Cognitive Development in Early Childhood at TK Negeri 2 Kamang Baru, Kamang Baru District, Sijunjung Regency

Suci Indra Swari — 2025-08-24

Early childhood education is a fundamental stage in building a child's cognitive foundation. However, the reality at Kamang Baru 2 Kindergarten shows that monotonous conventional learning methods are still used, hindering children's exploration and development of thinking. By accommodating these differences, differentiated learning enables students to learn in a more optimal, relevant, and meaningful way. Differentiated learning enables students to develop their talents through potential identification, where teachers can observe and recognize individual talents in both academic (such as math, science) and non-academic (art, sports) areas. This study aims to determine the effect of a differentiated learning approach on the cognitive development of children aged 5–6 years.This quantitative study, using a one-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design, was conducted in November 2024 at Kamang Baru 2 Kindergarten to measure the effect of differentiated learning on the cognitive development of children aged 5–6 years. The population consisted of all 64 students at Kamang Baru 2 Kindergarten. The sample consisted of 16 children in grade B2 selected using a cluster sampling technique. The instrument consisted of an observation sheet using a Likert scale of 1–4, validated through content validity. Data were collected through observation and documentation, then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and N-Gain tests, to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.Based on the research results, it can be seen that the t0 value is greater than the t-table, namely 31.36>2.602. Therefore, the alternative hypothesis is accepted: differentiated learning influences the cognitive development of early childhood. Thus, there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the sample group. Therefore, hypothesis Hₐ is accepted and hypothesis Hₒ is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that differentiated learning can be applied to improve the cognitive development of early childhood. It can be concluded that the results of statistical testing of the alternative hypothesis (Hₐ) indicate that differentiated learning influences cognitive development in children.

Analysis of the Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Implementing Differentiated Learning at SMP Ibnu Sina Pesantren-Based School in Pagar Alam City

Mauizatun Hasanah — 2025-08-25

Differentiated learning is an approach that accommodates the diverse characteristics and learning needs of students. This study aims to analyze the competence of teachers in implementing differentiated learning in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject at SMP Ibnu Sina Pagaralam, which is based on a pesantren model. The research focuses on the teacher's understanding of the concept of differentiated learning, the implementation of learning strategies, and the challenges faced in its application. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The subjects of the research are the PAI teachers at SMP Ibnu Sina Pagaralam. The data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that PAI teachers at SMP Ibnu Sina have a sufficient conceptual understanding but have not yet fully implemented it consistently and comprehensively in the learning process. This is due to a combination of internal and external factors that directly affect the teacher's competence. Supporting factors, such as regular training, flexible teaching materials, and the support of the school principal, strengthen the teacher's capacity to apply the differentiated approach. This study concludes that the competence of teachers in implementing differentiated learning needs to be further improved through continuous training and adequate infrastructure support.

Student Management and Its Influence on Non-Academic Achievement at UPT SMP Negeri 1 Sungai Rumbai

Rima Gustianti — 2025-08-23

The background of this research highlights that education should not only focus on academic achievement but also encompass the holistic development of students’ potential, including in non-academic areas. Non-academic achievements—such as in sports, arts, leadership, and other extracurricular activities—play a vital role in shaping students’ character, social skills, and self-confidence. Therefore, effective student management is essential to support and facilitate the development of these achievements.This research aims to describe and analyze the role of student management in fostering non-academic achievements at UPT SMPN 1 Sungai Rumbai. Non-academic achievements are key indicators in the comprehensive development of students’ character and potential, including in areas such as sports, arts, organizations, and other skills. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants consist of the principal, vice principal of student affairs, extracurricular activity supervisors, and students actively involved in non-academic activities.The research findings show that student management at UPT SMPN 1 Sungai Rumbai has been implemented in a structured and systematic manner, from program planning and extracurricular implementation to activity evaluation. Full support from the school, supervisors, and active student participation are the main factors contributing to non-academic achievements. Additionally, the presence of a variety of extracurricular programs aligned with students’ interests helps foster improved performance. The conclusion of this study is that effective student management plays a crucial role in developing and enhancing students’ non-academic achievements.

BOD and COD Content of Leachate from Air Dingin Landfill, Padang City

Sonia Sonia — 2025-08-26

Padang City is a large city with an area of 694.96 km² and a population of 941,639 in 2018. The waste generated in 2018 amounted to 1,313,342.7 m³ (Padang City Environmental Agency, 2018). Landfills produce a type of liquid known as leachate. Leachate is a hazardous liquid generated from the decomposition of both organic and inorganic waste at the Final Disposal Site (TPA) of waste. This liquid contains high concentrations of organic, inorganic materials, and heavy metals that have the potential to contaminate groundwater, rivers, and surface water. This study aims to analyze the quality of leachate based on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) parameters as the main indicators of organic pollution. Samples were taken from the outlet pond of the Air Dingin TPA in Padang City, then brought to and tested at the Andalas University Water Laboratory. The results showed a COD value of 450.4 mg/L and a BOD value of 250 mg/L. These values far exceed the quality standards established in the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 59 of 2016 concerning Wastewater Quality Standards. This study indicates that leachate requires further management before being released into the environment.

Developing Gross Motor Skills Through Football Games for Group A Children at TK Kartini Sungai Rumbai

Defita Sari — 2025-08-24

The background of this study is the undeveloped gross motor skills of group A children at Kartini Kindergarten Sungai Rumbai. This study aims to develop the gross motor skills of early childhood group A through soccer games at Kartini Kindergarten Sungai Rumbai. With the limitation of the problem that will be explained about the development of gross motor skills in Kartini Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten, the implementation of football games in Kartini Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten, as well as the development of gross motor skills through football games in Kartini Sungai Rumbai Kindergarten.This type of research is descriptive research with qualitative methods. Data sources are 2 teachers and 20 students. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity techniques use data triangulation. The first research result is the gross motor development of children aged 4-5 years is MB (Starting to Develop). Before the implementation of soccer games, 90% of children still get MB scores. The second research result, namely the implementation of soccer games consists of several activities, preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities. The third research result, the development of gross motor skills through soccer games is BSB (Developing Very Well). After the implementation of the soccer game, 80% of children got a BSB score. It can be seen when the child makes a jumping movement, the child gets a BSB score with a percentage of 89%, the child is able to make a jumping movement, increasing to BSB with a percentage of 91%, when the child runs in a coordinated manner, increasing to BSB with a percentage of 95%. The child is able to throw something in a directed manner, increasing to BSB with a percentage value of 91%, the child is able to catch something accurately, increasing to BSB with a percentage value of 85%, the child is able to make anticipatory movements (receive the ball), increasing to BSH with a percentage value of 75%, the child is able to dribble the ball, increasing to BSB with a percentage value of 76%, the child is able to kick something in a directed manner, increasing to BSB with a percentage value of 93%.

Development of the Mystery Box Learning Media in Pancasila Education for 5th Grade Students at SDN 08 Tiumang

Dodi Widia Nanda — 2025-08-25

This research is motivated by the low learning interest, lack of critical thinking skills, and the quick boredom students experience while participating in Pancasila education lessons. The use of learning media such as textbooks and educational videos still cannot address these issues because of their monotonous presentation and lack of interactivity. Therefore, there is a need for innovative learning media that can capture students' attention and make them more active and engaged in the learning process. The method used in this study is R&D (Research and Development), a research method used to develop or validate products used in investigation and learning. The R&D approach provides systematic steps, starting from problem identification, product design, trials, to revisions and product refinement. This study aims to develop a learning media in the form of a mystery box, a 3-dimensional visual media designed to effectively deliver the material on the history of Pancasila formulation. The specific goal of this research is to produce a valid, practical, and effective mystery box media for implementation in Pancasila education for 5th grade students at SDN 08 Tiumang. Based on the research results, the effectiveness of the mystery box learning media can be seen from the learning outcomes of the 5th-grade students at SDN 08 Tiumang, with a total of 9 students. The study aimed to determine whether students' scores could meet the determined KKTP (Minimum Completion Standard). According to the conducted research, the effectiveness percentage based on student learning outcomes was 81%, with 9 students completing the KKTP and 1 student not completing it. This suggests that the mystery box learning media is effective.

The Implementation of Traditional Jaranan Dance Activities to Enhance Gross Motor Development in Children at TK Kartini Sungai Rumbai

Ernita Trisnawati — 2025-08-24

The background of this study is the low gross motor development of early childhood at Kartini Kindergarten, Sungai Rumbai. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of traditional Jaranan dance activities, children's gross motor development through traditional Jaranan dance activities, and the obstacles faced by teachers in implementing traditional Jaranan dance activities at Kartini Kindergarten, Sungai Rumbai.This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects were two classroom teachers and 17 students. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data display, and conclusions (verification). Data validity techniques included data triangulation.The results of the research on the implementation of traditional Jaranan dance activities at Kartini Kindergarten, Sungai Rumbai, consisted of preparing materials or media, arranging rows of children, giving examples of movements to children, demonstrating imitation of dance movements and conducting evaluations. The gross motor development of children at Kartini Kindergarten, Sungai Rumbai, was increasing in accordance with expectations (BSH) from 10 children who received a value of developing according to expectations (BSH) with a percentage of 59% and 7 children received a value of developing very well (BSB) with a percentage of 41%. In the balance indicator, walking in holding the horse's head and whip in the hand simultaneously while swinging, forward and backward increased by 76%. In the flexibility indicator, swinging the Jaranan head to the right and left increased by 88%. In the coordinated indicator, jumping forward and backward while moving the Jaranan increased by 71%. In the agility indicator when moving places while lifting one leg and lifting the whip with one hand increased by 88%. In the skilled indicator, the body walked to the right and left side while moving or shaking the hips increased by 76%. Research findings on the obstacles encountered in implementing the traditional Jaranan dance at Kartini Kindergarten, Sungai Rumbai, include limited space, children's lack of movement skills, a lack of teaching staff, inadequate infrastructure, and children's tendency to make noise and talk.

The Implementation of Environment-Based Learning in Developing Children's Naturalistic Intelligence at Islamic Kindergarten Bakti 54 Pulau Mainan

Sri Sugiyanti — 2025-08-24

This research is motivated by the importance of developing naturalistic intelligence in early childhood, particularly in terms of sensitivity to the surrounding natural environment and the ability to identify local flora and fauna. The objectives of this study are:(1) To examine the implementation of environment-based learning in developing children's naturalistic intelligence, (2) To assess the condition of naturalistic intelligence among children at TK Islam Bakti 54 Pulau Mainan, (3) To determine whether environment-based learning can enhance the naturalistic intelligence of children at TK Islam Bakti 54 Pulau Mainan.This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The respondents consist of 12 group B students, 2 kindergarten teachers, and several parents, conducted during March–April 2025. Data collection techniques this was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data was analyzed through the following steps:data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data on the implementation of environment-based learning to develop naturalistic intelligence is ensured through data triangulation.The research results show that the implementation of environment-based learning has effectively developed the naturalistic intelligence of children at TK Islam Bakti 54 Pulau Mainan. Environment-based learning activities proved to be highly effective in fostering the development of children’s naturalistic intelligence. The children showed great enthusiasm in participating in activities such as observing plants, caring for animals, and exploring the school’s surrounding environment. Based on observations and documentation, the findings revealed that 11 children demonstrated improvement in their ability to recognize and classify living organisms, as well as increased awareness and care for the environment. Assessments of the children’s naturalistic intelligence showed improved scores, with many falling into the very well developed (BSB) category. Additionally, 9 children displayed participation and interest in environmental care activities, falling under the developing as expected (BSH) category. Therefore, the implementation of environment-based learning can effectively develop the naturalistic intelligence of early childhood learners. This study concludes that environment-based learning contributes positively to the development of naturalistic intelligence in children at TK Islam Bakti 54 Pulau Mainan.

The Analysis of the Development of Lake Kerinci Tourism Objects on the Economic Impact of the Community in Sanggaran Agung Village, Danau Kerinci District

Sri Fitriya — 2025-08-15

Indonesia is a country that has natural beauty and cultural diversity, so it is necessary to improve the tourism sector. Tourism is a sector that plays an important role in efforts to increase regional income and the income of people who are tourism actors. This study aims to determine what strategies are taken by the Kerinci Regency government through the development and management of the Kerinci Lake tourist attraction which has an impact on improving the economy of the Sanggaran Agung village community located around the Kerinci Lake tourist attraction. The type of data used is primary data with data collection through interviews. Data is processed using the SWOT Analysis method. The results of the study indicate that important strategies that can be carried out in the development of the Kerinci Lake tourist attraction are to provide facilities and organize and repair the facilities and infrastructure of tourist attractions, increase tourist attractions and interesting photo spots at tourist attractions, and develop UMKM and business actors who produce and provide souvenirs and culinary specialties of Kerinci and make the community a professional manager of tourist accommodation services by maintaining strengths and optimizing opportunities while improving weaknesses and anticipating existing threats. The method used to increase community income through the development and management of the Kerinci Lake tourist attraction is to increase the number of tourist visits, adequate governance/infrastructure and community services and a well-maintained environment.

The Impact of Urbanization Rate, Per Capita Income, and Carbon Emissions on Renewable Energy Consumption in ASEAN-5 Countries

Rike Vidyana Setyame — 2025-08-10

The phenomenon of climate change, increasing high temperatures, and significant global warming encourages many countries, including the ASEAN-5 Region to make an energy transition through the use of renewable energy and become a solution that can reduce the negative impacts of both economic, social, and environmental from the energy system to sustainability. However, in its implementation, renewable energy is still a challenge, especially economic and social factors for every country in the world, especially in ASEAN-5. This study aims to analyze the effect of urbanization levels, per capita income, and carbon emissions on renewable energy consumption in ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines) during the period 2015–2023. Using quantitative methods with data sourced from Our World in Data and the World Bank, analyzed using the panel data regression method with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The results of the study show that the level of urbanization has a positive relationship and has a significant effect on renewable energy consumption, then per capita income has a positive relationship but does not have a significant effect on renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions have a negative relationship and have a significant effect on renewable energy consumption. Furthermore, independent variables simultaneously influence renewable energy consumption in ASEAN-5 countries from 2015 to 2023. These findings provide policy implications for governments in realizing the Paris Agreement and sustainable development.

The Conditions and Challenges of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools

Nurhaswinda Nurhaswinda — 2025-08-11

This study aims to describe the conditions and challenges in the implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation in three inclusive elementary schools. The findings indicate that the implementation of inclusive education still faces various obstacles. As many as 80% of teachers admitted that they had not participated in inclusive education training in the past two years. Furthermore, 65% of students with special needs (SEN) experienced difficulties in basic skills such as reading and writing, while the remaining 35% encountered social and emotional barriers. On the parental side, 70% stated that they were helped by the existence of small group learning activities at school. Additionally, inclusive physical facilities were fully available in only one of the three schools, and the use of technology such as text-to-speech was implemented in only one school with limited frequency. Despite these challenges in infrastructure and human resources, social interactions between regular students and SEN students were relatively positive, with 85% of regular students showing cooperative attitudes toward their classmates with special needs. This study emphasizes the need for ongoing teacher training, provision of accessible facilities, and strong policy support and government oversight to realize fair and sustainable inclusive education.Keywords: inclusive education, elementary school, students with special needs, support teachers, education policy.

The Effect of the TGT Learning Model Assisted by One-Sided Flashcards on the Cognitive Domain Assessment Results of Seventh Grade Students in Fiqh at MTs Sumbersari Kowang

Rofi’atul Hasanah — 2025-08-15

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model, supported by One-Sided Flashcards, on students' cognitive domain assessment results in the seventh-grade Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) subject. The background of this study stems from the low level of active student participation in the learning process, which tends to be one-way and lacks variety. Using a quantitative approach, this study employed a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects consisted of seventh-grade students at MTs Sumbersari Kowang, with data collection techniques including questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using t-tests and Pearson correlations. The results showed a significant improvement in cognitive assessment results after implementing the One-Sided Flashcard-assisted TGT model, with a significance value of <0.001. The Pearson correlation of 0.0471 indicates a fairly strong relationship, and the effect size of 2.85 indicates a high influence. Thus, the use of the TGT model, supported by visual media, has proven effective in supporting students' cognitive learning outcomes in Fiqh.

The Effect of Digital Learning Media Usage on Digital Economic Literacy with Self-Efficacy as an Intervening Variable among Students of SMA Negeri 62 Jakarta

Innisa Kumala Hayati — 2025-08-08

This study aim for know influence use of digital learning media towards literacy digital economy with self-efficacy as intervening variables in students State Senior High School 62 Jakarta . Research This For know influence direct and indirect direct . Research This use method quantitative with method data collection using questionnaire . Number the sample was 169 students from population used student Class X. Data analysis using SEM-PLS with SmartPLS software . Research results this , influence direct use of digital learning media towards literacy student digital economy with the path coefficient showing original sample value 0.399 > 0, t- statistic 5.868 > 1.96 and p-value 0.000 < 0.05, the influence direct limited use of digital learning media self-efficacy student with the path coefficient showing original sample value 0.660 > 0, t- statistic 12.792 > 1.96 and p-value 0.000 < 0.05, the influence direct self-efficacy student to literacy student digital economy with the path coefficient showing original sample value 0.497 > 0, t- statistic 6.935 > 1.96 and p-value 0.000 < 0.05. And the influence No direct use of digital learning media towards literacy digital economy through self-efficacy with the path coefficient showing original sample value 0.328 > 0, t- statistic 6.421 > 1.96 and p-value 0.000 < 0.05.

GRAMMATICAL AND MECHANICAL ERRORS IN STUDENTS’ ENGLISH WRITING AT UNIVERSITAS PAHLAWAN TUANKU TAMBUSAI

Hannisa Haris — 2025-08-20

Writing is a crucial aspect of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, yet many students face difficulties in applying grammatical rules and writing mechanics. This research aims to analyze the types and frequency of grammatical and mechanical errors in the English writing of second-semester students in the Undergraduate Program in Elementary Teacher Education at Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving 40 student writing samples selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through document analysis and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed a total of 78 grammatical and mechanical errors. The most frequent error types were capitalization (23.08%), verbs (16.67%), and nouns (10.26%). Errors also appeared in the use of pronouns, articles, adjectives, and prepositions. These results show that students still struggle with fundamental grammar and mechanics, especially in sentence structure. The research recommends more focused grammar instruction and writing practice to reduce errors and improve writing accuracy and fluency.

The Effect of Applying Tangram Media on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of First-Grade Students at MI Adabiyah 2 Palembang

Etiara Neva Dita — 2025-08-11

This study aims to determine the effect of applying tangram media on the mathematics learning outcomes of first-grade students at MI Adabiyah 2 Palembang. The research type used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent control group design. Data collection techniques include observation, tests, and documentation. The research sample consists of two classes: class I.3 as the experimental group using tangram media, and class I.4 as the control group using conventional methods. The analysis results show that the average posttest score of the experimental class is higher than that of the control class, with average pretest scores of 59.25 and 48.84, and posttest scores of 83.79 and 64.08 for each class, respectively. Statistical testing shows a significance value of 0.000, indicating a significant effect of using tangram media on students' mathematics learning outcomes. These findings emphasize that tangram media is effective in improving the understanding of flat geometry concepts through visual, kinesthetic, and interactive approaches. Therefore, the use of tangram media is highly recommended as an enjoyable and meaningful learning strategy at the elementary education level.

Prison Sentences and Vocational Training in Cases of Sexual Assault Committed by Minors (A Study of Decision Number 56/Pid. Sus/2024/PN Tjk)

S Endang Prasetyawati — 2025-08-04

Criminal acts committed by children, including forced sexual intercourse, are influenced by negative environments, lack of sex education, and dysfunctional family conditions. A rehabilitative approach, such as vocational training, is more effective than imprisonment in rebuilding a child's future. Prevention requires collaboration between the government, society, and families, focusing on sex education, a safe environment, and the elimination of stigma against victims. These efforts are essential to reduce similar cases and to protect children's rights in the future. How is the implementation of imprisonment and vocational training sanctions in the case of forced sexual intercourse committed by a child based on Decision Number 56/PID.Sus-Anak/2024/PN Tjk? And what are the judge’s considerations in applying the imprisonment and vocational training sanctions in the case of forced sexual intercourse committed by a child based on Decision Number 56/PID.Sus-Anak/2024/PN Tjk? The research method uses a normative juridical approach, which involves examining existing laws and regulations, and an empirical approach, which includes field observations through interviews to address issues related to the research problem.

The Role of Government in Addressing the Social and Economic Impacts on Natural Disaster Victims in Padang Pariaman Regency (A Case Study of Flood and Landslide Disasters in Padang Pariaman Regency)

Sintya Fitri — 2025-08-08

The main objective of this study is to analyze the role of the government in addressing the social and economic impacts experienced by victims of floods and landslides in Padang Pariaman Regency. This research is motivated by the frequent occurrence of geological disasters such as floods and landslides, which cause significant losses, as well as the suboptimal post-disaster social and economic recovery efforts by the local government. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. Informants include representatives from the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), Social Affairs Office, local village governments (nagari), community leaders, and affected residents from three selected nagari: Katapiang, Tapakih, and Sungai Durian. Komaruddin's theory of role is used to analyze the findings through four indicators: task execution, behavioral patterns, function implementation, and involvement. The results reveal that the government's role remains focused on emergency response efforts, such as the distribution of food aid and basic necessities, while long-term recovery actions—such as economic rehabilitation and social reconstruction—have not been optimally implemented. Factors hindering social and economic recovery include budget limitations, inter-agency coordination issues, and the absence of an integrated strategy based on community needs. This study highlights the urgency of enhancing the effectiveness of government roles in the post-disaster phase to ensure the sustainability of the affected community's social and economic life.

The Implementation of the UMMI Method in Improving Quranic Reading at RA Adz Dzikra Ishhaarul Jannah

Selvia Selvia — 2025-08-20

Early Quranic education plays a crucial role in shaping a child's character and spirituality. At the Raudhatul Athfal (RA) level, introducing the Quran isn't just about memorization; it's about building a foundational understanding through methods that are easy, enjoyable, and effective. However, in reality, many children in RA still face challenges in reading the Quran with proper tartil (rhythmic and melodic recitation) and accuracy. This research aims to demonstrate that the Ummi Method offers an innovative solution with its "heart-to-heart" approach. The study's findings indicate that the implementation of the Ummi Method is systematically carried out in five core stages: opening, memorization, classical demonstration, evaluation, and closing. Based on student evaluation data, there was a significant improvement in Quran reading ability, shifting from 60% in the "sufficient" category to 85% in the "good" category after the Ummi Method was applied for one semester. This method also successfully fostered a love for learning and a sense of affection for the Quran in children from an early age.

The Role of the Nagari Government in the Revitalization of BUMNAG Tigo Sapilin Management in Nagari Tambangan, Tanah Datar Regency

Rima Utari — 2025-08-15

This research delves into the function of the Nagari Government in rejuvenating the operations of BUMNag Tigo Sapilin, located in Nagari Tambangan, Tanah Datar Regency. These restorative actions were prompted by a standstill in management and the weakening of BUMNag’s accomplishments, which in turn impacted its economic input to the area. The purpose of this investigation is to depict the ways in which the Nagari Government undertakes its duties as a controller, enabler, and energizer, and also to pinpoint the difficulties experienced throughout the recovery process. Employing a qualitative research method, the gathering of information was achieved through conversations, monitoring, and the review of relevant paperwork. The results indicate that the Nagari Government has successfully executed its duties as a controller and energizer, demonstrated by actions such as creating rules and giving inspiration to the managerial staff. Nevertheless, its enabling role has not been fully realized, given that the Nagari Government has neglected to organize educational sessions or development opportunities for the newly designated BUMNag leaders. The difficulties encountered encompass both internal aspects and external elements, a scarcity of personnel, insufficient backing from the public, and restrictions on financial resources. The study determines that increasingly cohesive and enduring plans, which include developmental courses, guidance, and reinforcing public support, are required to guarantee the efficiency of BUMNag’s managerial renewal and to improve its impact on the well-being of the community.

ENGLISH TEACHERS’ STRATEGY PREFERENCES IN ENGLISH CLASSES IN SMAN 1 TEJAKULA

Luh Lingga Dewi — 2025-08-15

This study aims to obtain the preference of teaching strategies most frequently used by male and female English teachers at SMAN 1 Tejakula. The teaching strategies recommended by Merdeka Curriculum were the focus of this study. Through a qualitative method, data collection was conducted using 3 different instruments: teaching strategy checklist, observation checklist, and interviews. There were 4 subjects involved in this study: 2 male teachers and 2 female teachers. The findings showed that male teachers showed a preference for the Problem-Based Learning teaching strategy based on the grade level they taught. On the other hand, female teachers showed a tendency towards a combination of Project-Based Learning and Discovery Learning teaching strategies due to the ability or character of the students themselves and the grade level being taught. A unique thing was also found in this study, where male teachers and female teachers both like Cooperative Learning and Social Affective teaching strategies, where teachers utilize collaboration between students and emphasize the socio-emotional aspects of students during the learning process. However, it cannot be denied that challenges such as the lack of physical and non-physical school resources can affect the implementation of certain strategies. The findings are expected to be a reference for the development of teacher training programs and for improving the quality of English teaching in schools.

Efforts of BKPSDM Padang City in Fulfilling Staffing Needs Based on Workload Analysis in Padang City Government

Syafa Hanni Amalia — 2025-08-07

This study aims to examine the efforts of the BKPSDM of Padang City in meeting the staffing needs based on the workload analysis in the Padang City Government. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. Data were analyzed using reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing based on the theory of George C. Edward III, which includes aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucracy structure. The research findings show that the BKPSDM of Padang City in fulfilling staffing needs adheres to the Anjab ABK (Analysis of Workload and Job Descriptions). In its implementation, it is based on Government Regulation Number 17 of 2020. Fulfilling staffing needs is an implementation of Law Number 20 of 2023 on State Civil Apparatus. Based on George C. Edward III’s theory, the indicators are still not optimal in the implementation of ASN recruitment policies. This is due to the frequent changes in the central government’s policy on employee procurement, which leads to a lack of communication with the Regional Device Organizations in Padang City. The findings indicate the need for enhanced coordination and communication in ASN procurement in Padang City. This study is expected to provide recommendations to relevant parties in improving the implementation of ASN recruitment in Padang City.

The Impact of Earnings Persistence and Growth Opportunities on the Relevance of Accounting Earnings in Manufacturing Companies of the Pulp and Paper Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020-2025

Dori HP Putra — 2025-08-16

This study aims to determine: 1) Whether there is an influence of Earnings Persistence and Growth Opportunities on the Relevance of Accounting Earnings (ERC) in the Manufacturing Companies of the Pulp and Paper Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2025, both partially and simultaneously? 2) The extent of the influence of Earnings Persistence and Growth Opportunities on the Relevance of Accounting Earnings (ERC) in the Manufacturing Companies of the Pulp and Paper Sub-Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2025. The analytical tool used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the aid of SPSS version 26. The data source is from annual financial reports. Data collection is done through the library research technique. The methods used are both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative method is used for observation involving numerical calculations, while the qualitative method is used to analyze financial data within the companies by referring to relevant theories or concepts.

The Improvement of Motorcycle Washing Skills Using Task Analysis Method for Children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities in Phase F at SLB Negeri 1 Harau

Muhammad Adek Ridwan — 2025-08-11

This study is based on the problems faced by students with mild intellectual disabilities in class X at SLB Negeri 1 Harau, who still experience difficulties in performing the skill of washing motorcycles. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement of motorcycle washing skills using a task analysis approach. This research is experimental, employing the Single Subject Research (SSR) design model A-B. The subject of the study is one student with mild intellectual disabilities in class X. The task analysis technique is used as the independent variable, while motorcycle washing skills serve as the dependent variable. Data were collected through performance tests and analyzed visually using a progress chart. The results of the study show that during the baseline phase (A) over three consecutive sessions, the motorcycle washing skills were at 40%. After receiving intervention using the task analysis technique for seven sessions, the skill percentage gradually increased to 53%, 60%, 73%, 80%, 86%, 93%, and eventually reached 100%. This indicates that the use of task analysis is effective in improving motorcycle washing skills for children with mild intellectual disabilities.

The Effect of Montessori Counting Stick Media on Student Learning Outcomes in Addition and Subtraction Material for First-Grade Students of SD Negeri 17 Sitiung

Eka Filahanasari — 2025-08-11

This research is motivated by the results of observations during the implementation of the School Field Introduction Program (PLP) at SDN 17 Sitiung, which showed low mathematics learning outcomes of grade I students, especially in addition and subtraction materials. The low learning outcomes are caused by the lack of utilization of interesting learning media that are in accordance with the characteristics of elementary school students. Therefore, this study aims to improve students' mathematics learning outcomes through the use of Montessori counting stick media. The study used a quantitative approach with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects of the study were 12 grade I students of SDN 17 Sitiung. The data collection instrument was in the form of tests, namely pretest and posttest, which were used to measure initial abilities and after treatment. The average pretest score of students was 52.64. After treatment in the form of using Montessori counting stick media, the average posttest score increased to 83.33. Data analysis was carried out using the Paired Sample T-Test. The results of the analysis showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. This indicates that the use of Montessori counting stick media has a positive effect on improving students' mathematics learning outcomes. This increase occurs because the counting stick media is able to attract students' attention, arouse their enthusiasm for learning, and help them understand the concept of addition and subtraction in a concrete and enjoyable way. With an approach that is in accordance with students' cognitive development, the learning process becomes more effective. In conclusion, the Montessori counting stick media has proven effective in improving the mathematics learning outcomes of grade I students of SDN 17 Sitiung on the addition and subtraction material.

The Implementation of the Restitution Triangle in Instilling Discipline of Congregational Obligatory Prayers at Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Qur'an Lembah Serunting

Muhamad Risqi Utama — 2025-08-15

This research aims to improve the discipline of performing congregational obligatory prayers at the Tahfidz Qur’an Lembah Serunting Islamic Boarding School in Pagar Alam City using the Restitution Triangle Method approach. The Restitution Triangle is a method that leverages relationships between individuals, communities, and spiritual values to encourage behavioral change toward improvement. This approach integrates aspects of strengthening faith, social relationships, and consistency in fulfilling religious obligations. The research problem formulated in this study is how the Restitution Triangle method can be applied as an approach to instill discipline in students and whether this approach is effective in increasing the discipline of performing congregational obligatory prayers. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research. with a qualitative descriptive approach, and data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this research indicate a convincing improvement through the use of the Restitution Triangle method from cycle to cycle. Before the intervention, the average discipline score was 63.53%, which then increased to 105.34% in Cycle I and further improved to 90.74% in Cycle II. This data suggests that with the Restitution Triangle approach, students' discipline in performing congregational prayers can be significantly enhanced. The conclusion of this research is that the Restitution Triangle method effectively improves students' discipline in performing obligatory congregational prayers.

The Effect of the Problem Based Learning Model on Critical Thinking Skills in the IPAS Subject for Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

Aulia Anjelina — 2025-08-07

This research is motivated by the low critical thinking skills of students in the Natural and Social Science (IPAS) learning, which is caused by conventional learning methods that have not encouraged students to actively think deeply. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the critical thinking skills of fifth-grade students at SD IT Bunayya Pekanbaru. This study uses a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The subjects of this study were 30 fifth-grade students from Uwais class at SD IT Bunayya Pekanbaru. The research instruments consisted of multiple-choice test sheets and an observation sheet to assess the implementation of learning using the PBL model. The results of the study show that the average pretest score for students' critical thinking skills was 59.17, which increased to 79.67 in the posttest. Additionally, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 was obtained, indicating that the Problem Based Learning model had a significant effect on the critical thinking skills in the IPAS subject for fifth-grade students at SD IT Bunayya Pekanbaru. Observations of the PBL model implementation showed an average implementation rate above 93%, indicating that the learning stages were carried out effectively. It can be concluded that the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model significantly improves students' critical thinking skills and supports a more meaningful and interactive IPAS learning process.

The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention with Industrial Work Practice as a Mediating Variable among Vocational School Students in Jakarta

Ulfatul Aliyah — 2025-08-10

This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students in Jakarta, (2) the effect of industrial work experience on entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students in Jakarta, (3) the effect of entrepreneurship education on industrial work experience among vocational high school students in Jakarta, and (4) the effect of entrepreneurship education and industrial work experience together on entrepreneurial intentions among vocational high school students in Jakarta. This research is a quantitative study using a survey method. The population was 195 students majoring in online business and marketing at As-Sa'adah Vocational High School Jakarta, At-Taqwa Vocational High School Jakarta, and Poncol Vocational High School Jakarta who had undergone entrepreneurship learning and industrial work experience. A sample of 132 students was drawn using Proportional Random Sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire. The analysis technique used Partial Least Squares (PLS) version 4.0 for statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that (1) Entrepreneurship education has a direct positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, (2) Entrepreneurship education has a direct positive and significant effect on industrial work practices, (3) Industrial work practices do not have a direct positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, (4) Industrial work practices do not have a direct positive and significant effect and do not act as an intervening or mediating variable between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions.

The Effect of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) Learning Model on the Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes of Fifth-Grade Students at SDN 106811 Bandar Setia

Nuri Alnasta Qalbi — 2025-08-11

The problem in this study is that students are less active in learning because the learning carried out in class V SDN 106811 Bandar Setia has not used the right learning model, causing low student learning outcomes. The type of this research is Quasi Experimental with a research design of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The subjects in this study were students with the research population used were all grade V students of SDN 106811 Bandar Setia totaling 40 students. The samples in this study were all VA class students totaling 20 students as the experimental class and VB class totaling 20 students as the control class. The data collection instruments in this study were test and observation instruments. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative analysis. The results showed that the average value in the experimental class treated with the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model was 81, the maximum score was 90 and the minimum score was 70. Then the average value in the control class using the expository model was 52,75 with a maximum score of 70 and a minimum score of 35. Based on the results of hypothesis testing using the t test, it is obtained that > , namely the value of 10,13 > 2,02 so it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected which means that there is an effect of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model on the learning outcomes of Indonesian language students in the material of pantun class V SDN 106811 Bandar Setia.

The Analysis of Formative Assessment in Islamic Religious Education as a Reflective Tool in the Merdeka Curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pagar Alam

Eka Utami — 2025-08-15

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of formative assessment in Islamic Religious Education subjects as a reflection tool in the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pagar Alam. The method used in this research was field research with a qualitative descriptive approach, employing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that Islamic Religious Education teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Pagar Alam had implemented various forms of formative assessment, such as short quizzes, daily reflections, and multiple-choice questions. However, there were still several obstacles, including time constraints, limited teacher readiness, varied understanding of the formative assessment concept, and a lack of in-depth training. The study concluded that formative assessment played an important role in supporting the success of the Independent Curriculum, but its implementation needed to be improved through continuous training and mentoring for educators.

The Implementation of Data Interoperability Services in the Government of West Sumatra Province

Aprilia Hapsari — 2025-08-06

This study aims to describe the implementation of data interoperability services within the Provincial Government of West Sumatra and to analyze the efforts made to overcome various technical challenges. The background of this research is rooted in the need for integrated, efficient, and transparent public services, which are often hindered by fragmented data systems (data silos) across government agencies. As part of the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) and the One Data Indonesia (SDI) policy, the government introduced the Government Service Connectivity System (SPLP) as a means to promote data interoperability. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with the West Sumatra Provincial Office of Communication and Informatics (Diskominfo) and document analysis. The findings reveal that although SPLP has been introduced as a core digital infrastructure, its implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited technical capacity of human resources, the lack of consistent data exchange standards, low inter-agency commitment, and suboptimal utilization of the SPLP. To address these issues, the West Sumatra Provincial Government has undertaken strategic measures such as conducting workshops, providing technical guidance, developing data governance regulations, and strengthening coordination among regional government organizations (OPD). The study concludes that the success of data interoperability services depends on technological readiness, strong institutional collaboration, adequate regulatory support, and continuous capacity building. By optimizing the use of SPLP and applying SPBE principles, local governments can enhance the quality of digital and sustainable public services.

The Ecosystem of Metaverse and AI-Based Economic Learning: A Literature Review on 21st Century Education Innovations

M. Amin Fatulloh — 2025-08-20

This study aims to explore the application of metaverse technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in economic learning in the 21st century, focusing on their impact on students' learning experience and comprehension. The method used in this research is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing various previous studies related to the use of these technologies in economic education. The findings indicate that the metaverse can enhance interactivity and provide realistic economic simulations, while AI enables more personalized learning tailored to students' abilities and needs. However, challenges include limited digital infrastructure and a lack of preparedness among educators in adopting this technology. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of improving infrastructure, providing educator training, and adjusting curricula to maximize the potential of technology in economic education, in order to create more effective learning that is relevant to the needs of the 21st century.

Implementation of Article 114 Paragraph 1 of Law No. 35 of 2009 in Drug Abuse Criminal Cases (A Study of Decision Number: 51/Pid.Sus/2025/PN. Tjk)

Erlina Bachri — 2025-08-04

The problem of drug abuse in Indonesia has become a serious threat that disrupts social order, damages the younger generation, and burdens the national legal system. This crime not only targets individuals, but also has the potential to weaken the resilience of the state. This study was conducted to examine the legal application of Article 114 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in judicial practice, specifically in Decision Number: 51/Pid.Sus/2025/PN. Tjk, which is the main object of study. The problems in this study include how the law is applied Article 114 paragraph (1) of Law Number 35 of 2009 in cases of narcotics abuse crimes, and the inhibiting factors in the application of the law to these cases. This study specifically examines the decision of the Tanjungkarang District Court Number: 51/Pid.Sus/2025/PN. The research method used in this study is through a normative legal approach and empirical legal approach using secondary and primary data collected through library and field studies. The analysis was conducted in a qualitative legal manner. The results of the study indicate that the application of Article 114 paragraph (1) is appropriate and in accordance with the elements of the crime proven in court. In the case studied, the defendant acted as an intermediary in a transaction for the sale and purchase of Class I narcotics, including methamphetamine, and was sentenced to seven years in prison and a fine of one billion rupiah. Law enforcement for this crime also refers to Article 112 concerning possession of narcotics, as an alternative charge in the legal process. However, the implementation of the law against narcotics crimes is not free from various obstacles. Several inhibiting factors identified include low public awareness of the dangers of narcotics, lack of outreach by law enforcement officers, limited personnel, weak cooperation between the community and legal institutions, and the suboptimal role of families and schools in drug prevention education. These conditions complicate the process of eradicating drug distribution and abuse in the field. As a recommendation, there is a need to strengthen the synergy between law enforcement officers, educational institutions, the community, and families in preventing and eradicating narcotics. In addition to a repressive approach, the government also needs to increase educational and preventive efforts through outreach on the dangers of narcotics and rehabilitation for users. Reform of the narcotics criminal law system must consider justice, humanity, and the effectiveness of deterrence in order to safeguard the future of the nation's generations.

The Impact of Labor Productivity, Producer Confidence, and Exchange Rates on Manufacturing Production Levels in ASEAN-5 Countries from 2015 to 2023

Heriska Merina — 2025-08-10

This study aims to analyze the influence of labor productivity, producer confidence, and exchange rates on manufacturing production levels in the ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam) during the period 2015–2023. The data used are sourced from the World Bank, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Trading Economics, and the statistical agencies of each country, and were analyzed using panel data regression with a Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The results indicate that labor productivity does not significantly affect manufacturing production, producer confidence significantly affects manufacturing production, and the exchange rate significantly affects manufacturing production. The COVID-19 pandemic was not found to significantly reduce production levels due to supply chain disruptions and economic activity restrictions, as production actually increased during the pandemic.

The Relationship Between Soft Skills and Job Readiness of Industrial Mechanical Engineering Students at SMK Pasundan 2, Serang City

Ardhika Achmad Gustama dika — 2025-08-12

This study aims to identify the relationship between soft skills and job readiness among 12th-grade students in the Industrial Mechanical Engineering program at SMK Pasundan 2, Serang City. The research method used is a correlational study with a quantitative approach. The research was conducted at SMK Pasundan 2, Serang City, involving all 30 students from the 12th-grade Industrial Mechanical Engineering program as respondents, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires. The data analysis techniques used include validity testing, reliability testing, normality testing, and non-parametric hypothesis testing. The results of the analysis show that the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient is 0.648 with a significance of 0.000. Since the significance value is less than 0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the soft skills variable (X) and job readiness (Y).

The Analysis of Collateral Revaluation in the Settlement of Problematic Murabahah Financing (Case Study: PT BPRS Haji Miskin Pandai Sikek)

Anggita Tria Angraini — 2025-08-10

Murabahah financing is the financing with the most problem levels at PT BPRS Haji Miskin Pandai Sikek, so special attention is needed in the settlement process, for example reschuduling, but if the strategy has not been succesful then execution of collateral is carried out as the final step of settlement. Prior to this execution,colleteral reassessment (colleteral reassesment) was carried out because is was feared that collateral would change from the beginning to the end of the financing. This study uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive in nature, in this study outhor describes how the implementation and the constraints faced when carrying out collateral restitution at PT BPRS Haji Miskin Pandai Sikek. This guarantee breakdown should be carried out once every 6 months or when the customer’s collectibility descreases, not only when there are problem loans or when the guarantee is about to be executed.

The Effect of Marketing Mix on Purchase Decisions in Grilled Pempek Lenggang MSMEs at Pasar Lama, Tangerang City

Irvan Juliyano — 2025-08-18

The Pempek Panggang Lenggang MSME located in Pasar Lama, Kota Tangerang, has experienced a decline in turnover due to competition. This study to analyze the marketing profile and purchasing decisions as well as their influence. The study used a quantitative research method with a survey approach, and data was obtained through questionnaires administered to 100 respondents who had purchased Pempek Panggang Lenggang in the last three months. The analysis includes descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis test. The results of the study indicates that the marketing mix has a positive influence on purchasing decisions. This study provides practical implications for SME practitioners in designing more effective marketing strategies and theoretical implications for the development of marketing literature in the SME culinary sector.

The Development of Electronic Student Worksheets (E-LKPD) Based on Project-Based Learning in IPAS (Integrated Science and Social Studies) Learning for Grade V at SDN 03 Koto Baru

Dahara Atika Putri — 2025-08-11

This study aims to develop an electronic student worksheet (E-LKPD) based on project-based learning for IPAS (Integrated Science and Social Studies) learning in grade V at SDN 03 Koto Baru. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at SDN 03 Koto Baru during the 2025 academic year, with the research subjects being 27 grade V students. Data collection techniques were carried out through student and teacher response questionnaires, as well as validation sheets involving media experts, content experts, and language experts. The results of this study indicate that the developed E-LKPD is a valid learning media. This can be seen from the graphic expert validation score of 89%, categorized as very valid. The language expert validation scored 76%, categorized as valid. The content expert validation scored 82%, categorized as very valid. The module expert validation scored 75%, categorized as valid. The question expert validation scored 75%, categorized as valid. This means that the learning media is suitable for use by both teachers and students. The practicality results from the teacher’s evaluation showed a score of 90%, categorized as very valid, and the grade V students scored 89%, also categorized as very valid. In conclusion, the project-based learning E-LKPD for IPAS learning in grade V at SDN 03 Koto Baru, developed by the researcher, is suitable for use, as it meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective.

The Public Perception of Services at Ophir Health Center After the Termination of the UHC Program

Veronica Cindy Anggraini — 2025-08-08

This research is motivated by the changes in the health financing system following the termination of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) program, which raises questions regarding the community’s perception of health services at Ophir Community Health Center (Puskesmas Ophir). The aim of this study is to analyze the community’s perception of services at Puskesmas Ophir after the closure of the UHC program and to identify the factors that influence these perceptions. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The study was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Ophir, Luhak Nan Duo Subdistrict, West Pasaman Regency. The research informants were members of the community who were former UHC recipients in West Pasaman Regency. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with service users, observation, and documentation, which were then analyzed using NVivo 15 software. The findings of the study indicate that the community perceives the services at Puskesmas Ophir as still being good despite the termination of the UHC program. Positive perceptions arise due to the consistent quality of services, the friendliness of the staff, and the accessibility of the services.

Digital Media and Arabic Language: The Relevance of Digital Media in Arabic Language Learning

Falikhah Ramdani M. Anwar — 2025-08-11

This study talks about learning Arabic through digital methods because we’re now living in a tech-driven world, and it’s important for both students and teachers to adapt to these changes.The purpose of this study is to explore how Arabic can be taught digitally, what the benefits and challenges are, and how to overcome those challenges. The research was done using a literature review method by collecting and analyzing sources like journals, books, and academic articles from the last five years, using the theory of constructivism, which focuses on students being active in building their own knowledge. The results show that digital Arabic learning can make the process more flexible, engaging, and effective, but there are still issues like limited access to technology, lack of digital skills among teachers and students, and school curriculums that haven’t fully adapted yet. In conclusion, digital Arabic learning has great potential to improve education quality if supported with teacher training, proper facilities, and collaboration between different parties to create a better learning system.

The Teacher Assistance in the Integration of Technology-Based Interactive Media in Schools

Prihantini Prihantini — 2025-08-11

This community service research focuses on teacher mentoring in the integration of technology-based interactive media in the learning process at SDN Wangiwisata. This study aims to explore the impact of teacher mentoring on the increased use of technology in the classroom, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving 25 teachers who participated in the mentoring program. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis, focusing on the teachers' experiences and perceptions regarding the use of interactive media in learning. The results of the study indicate that the mentoring program significantly increased teachers' confidence and competence in using interactive technology in their teaching. Teachers reported an improvement in student engagement and understanding of the material, as the use of interactive media made learning more engaging and easier to comprehend. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure and teachers' initial lack of technological skills were barriers that need to be addressed. Nevertheless, the mentoring program proved effective in providing practical skills to teachers and encouraging collaboration among peers. This study concludes that continuous mentoring and adequate infrastructure support are crucial for the success of technology integration in education. The research highlights the importance of teacher development programs in adapting to the ever-evolving needs of modern education.

The Role of the Nagari Government in Empowering Women Farmers Groups (WFG) Producing Processed Cinnamon Products in Nagari Malalak Barat

Natasya Aprilia — 2025-08-12

This research is motivated by the significant potential of cinnamon commodities in Nagari Malalak Barat, Agam Regency, managed by the Women's Farmers Group (KWT) to produce various processed products. However, the empowerment efforts carried out by the Nagari Government still face several obstacles, such as the lack of policy support, limited market access, and insufficient continuous training. This study aims to describe the role of the Nagari Government in empowering KWT, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. The research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and document studies. The results show that the role of the Nagari Government can be seen in its functions as a regulator, dynamizer, and facilitator, but its implementation has not been optimal. Supporting factors include the potential of the commodities and initial government support, while inhibiting factors include limited capital, technology, and regulations. Therefore, more concrete and sustainable strategies are needed to enhance the independence of KWT.

The Effect of Investment Knowledge on Investment Decisions Mediated by Investment Interest (A Comparative Study of UISU and UMN Students)

Anisah Zuhra Hasibuan — 2025-08-11

This study aims to analyze the effect of investment knowledge on investment decisions, moderated by investment interest, among students at Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) and Universitas Muslim Nusantara (UMN). The research examines whether investment knowledge directly influences investment decisions and how investment interest strengthens this relationship. Using statistical analysis, the t-value of 4.045 with a significance level of 0.021 was obtained, indicating that investment knowledge significantly affects investment decisions when moderated by investment interest. The findings reveal that investment knowledge positively influences investment interest, and investment interest plays a key role in strengthening the effect of knowledge on investment decisions. Specifically, UISU and UMN students with good investment knowledge tend to be more active in making investment decisions, especially when they also have a high interest in investing. Despite differences in the social and educational backgrounds of students at both universities, the roles of investment knowledge and interest as driving factors for investment decisions remain significant. This research offers practical implications for educational institutions and financial organizations to enhance financial literacy through programs that not only deliver information about investments but also motivate students to become more engaged in the world of investing. These findings emphasize the importance of combining knowledge and interest as the foundation for rational and active investment decision-making.

The Education and Social Justice: A Phenomenological Review of Educational Access Disparities in Developing and Developed Countries

Loso Judijanto — 2025-08-11

This study aims to analyze the educational access disparity between developing and developed countries, focusing on the causes, impacts, and policies implemented. The methodology used is a literature review, examining various sources and previous studies related to educational disparities in both types of countries. The findings indicate that developing countries face greater disparities due to limited educational infrastructure and a lack of trained human resources. Meanwhile, developed countries, despite having better infrastructure, experience disparities mainly caused by socio-economic factors, such as differences in educational access for minority groups and children from poor families. This study concludes that to reduce educational disparities, more inclusive and equitable policies are needed, along with the use of educational technology that can expand access to education in remote areas and among disadvantaged groups.

The Practicality of Student Worksheets (LKPD) Based on Predict Observe Explain (POE) in Mathematics Learning

Teni Suriani — 2025-08-07

Teaching materials in schools, such as textbooks and regular Student Worksheets (LKPD), typically only contain summaries of the material and questions, and still lack steps for a learning model. This results in students being less active in the learning process. This study aims to assess the practicality of Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on the Predict Observe Explain (POE) model in mathematics learning. The Predict Observe Explain learning model helps students understand and discover concepts by providing steps that encourage students to express their ideas. The development model used in this study is Research & Development (R&D). The stages of this model include: 1) potential and problems, 2) information gathering, 3) product design, 4) product validation, 5) product revision, and 6) product testing. The population in this study consisted of 20 students from Grade XI at Ekasakti High School, Padang, for the academic year 2024/2025. The results of the study indicate that the practicality of the LKPD was rated as very practical, based on the practicality assessment from both teachers and students. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Student Worksheet (LKPD) based on the Predict Observe Explain (POE) model is feasible and practical for students to use in mathematics learning, specifically in the topic of matrices.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Creativity in Economics Learning of Students at SMAN 9 Bogor

Ismi Makarimal Saffa — 2025-08-10

This study aims to determine the analysis of factors that influence learning creativity in economics learning of students at SMAN 9 Bogor. This study was conducted to determine the dominant factors in economics learning at that school. The study used quantitative methods with a quesdtionnaire as a data collection tool.. The questionnaire data was processed using factor analysis with the help of SPSS 25 software. Of the nine factors studied and analyzed using factor analysis, four dominant factors were formed, namely : (1) Interest and relevance of learning factors, which consist of stimulation variables from the school environment and self motivation, (2) Activeness and participation factors, which consist of situational variables that give rise to and encourage the emergence of many questions as well as bilingualism variables, (3) Independence and parental support factors, which consist of situational variables that present incompleteness and openness, situations that encourage producing something, and parental attention to their child’s interests, (4) Independent problem solving factors, which consists of situational variables that emphasize self initiative to explore, observe, ask, and feel, clarify, record, translate, estimate, test of the results of estimates, and communicate.

Development of Powtoon-Assisted Animation Video for Poetry Writing Material in Grade VIII at SMPN 1 Sitiung

Amar Salahuddin — 2025-08-11

This study aims to develop a learning media using Powtoon-assisted animation videos for teaching poetry writing. The researcher chose the CapCut application because it is accessible and easy to use for creating learning videos that actively engage students' visual and auditory senses, enhancing the absorption of the material. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of the stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The study was conducted at SMPN 1 Sitiung in the 2025/2026 academic year, with 29 grade VIII students as participants. Data collection techniques included questionnaires for student responses, teacher responses, media expert validation sheets, material expert validation sheets, and language expert validation sheets. The results show that the researcher successfully developed a learning video as a teaching aid for reading poetry texts. The video was considered valid based on expert validations: media expert validation scored 100%, categorized as "very valid," material expert validation scored 70%, categorized as "valid," and language expert validation scored 97.1%, categorized as "very valid." This indicates that the learning video is suitable for use by both teachers and students. The practicality assessment, conducted by the teacher, scored 96.3%, categorized as "very valid," and the grade VIII students scored 97.6%, also categorized as "very valid." Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed learning video is eligible for use, as it meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

The Dynamic Governance in the Implications of Mining Permit: A Case Study in Bawan Village, Agam Regency

Viska Anggraini — 2025-08-07

This study focuses on analyzing the impact of the granting of a C-type mining permit in Nagari Bawan, Agam Regency, using a Dynamic Governance perspective that emphasizes three key elements: Thinking Ahead, Thinking Again, and Thinking Across. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach, with data collection conducted through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document reviews. The research findings reveal that in the Thinking Ahead aspect, there have been efforts at long-term planning through adjusting permits to spatial planning provisions and extensive involvement of the mining area. However, less than optimal information dissemination and outreach to the community remain problematic. In the Thinking Again aspect, technical agencies have conducted evaluations and imposed administrative sanctions for violations, but the implementation of social commitments such as road repairs has not been fully realized. Meanwhile, in the Thinking Across aspect, there is visible inter-institutional cooperation and the involvement of local actors such as the village government and some communities. However, community participation is generally still minimal and field supervision has not been carried out systematically. Overall, this study concludes that although the principles of Dynamic Governance have begun to be applied in the management of mining permits, their implementation still faces challenges in the aspects of community involvement, social evaluation, and strengthening oversight mechanisms.

The Role of Social Media in Family Communication: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital Era

Dewi Ambarsari — 2025-07-25

In today's digital age, social media has become a fundamental part of everyday life, especially in the context of interactions between family members. As a platform that facilitates communication despite physical distance, social media serves not only as a communication tool but also as a medium for strengthening emotional bonds among family members. This study aims to understand the role of social media in family communication in the digital age, as well as to identify its benefits, challenges, and impact on relationships between family members. Using a qualitative research approach through in-depth interviews with informants in South Jakarta, this study reveals that social media, particularly WhatsApp, serves as an effective tool for maintaining flexible and rapid communication amid busy schedules and physical distance. Additionally, social media can strengthen emotional bonds, facilitate self-expression, and enhance openness and support within families. However, the use of social media also presents challenges, such as the potential for reduced direct interaction, the risk of misinterpreting messages, and a decrease in face-to-face gathering time. The research findings highlight the importance of using social media wisely and in moderation to maximize its positive potential while minimizing its negative impacts. This study is expected to provide insights for families in optimizing the benefits of social media as a communication tool that can strengthen family bonds in the digital age while maintaining direct interpersonal relationships.

The Implementation of the School Literacy Movement (GLS) Program to Foster Reading Interest Among Grade III Students at SD Negeri 38 Payakumbuh

Felly Lailatul Rahmi — 2025-07-26

This research stems from students’ low reading interest. Objectives encompass illustrating the implementation of the School Literacy Movement program within learning activities to foster reading interest among third-grade students at SD Negeri 38 Payakumbuh and identifying factors supporting and hindering that program’s execution. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis unfolds across three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Participants comprise third-grade homeroom teachers along with their students. Findings reveal implementation of the School Literacy Movement through several initiatives: 15‑minute daily reading before lessons kick off, a Love‑Reading Campaign, a reading corner, and class bulletin boards. Supporting factors include available facilities and infrastructure, presence of a reading corner, and classroom bulletin boards. Meanwhile, obstacles comprise limited reading materials, students’ low reading interest, and inadequate facilities.

Digital Comics as a Medium for Instilling Character Values: A Speech Act Study on “Pak Guru Inyong”

Fauzan Nur Imaduddin — 2025-07-25

This article aims to analyze the forms and types of speech acts in the digital comic Pak Guru Inyong and how its language strategies effectively internalize character values in readers. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using pragmatic discourse analysis, applying Searle’s speech act theory consists of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Data were drawn from the comic’s dialogue and visual elements that reflect values such as responsibility, religiosity, hard work, and empathy. The findings reveal that illocutionary acts, especially expressive, assertive, and directive types dominate in delivering educational messages in subtle yet impactful ways. The combination of visual and linguistic strategies successfully shapes readers’ character awareness through humor, reflection, and grounded social critique. This study confirms that comics can serve as communicative, meaningful, and engaging alternative learning media to support character education in the digital age.

The Factors Affecting the Interest in Taking Mekaar Loans (Empirical Study on SMEs in Dagang Kerawan Village)

Amanda Syafira Windani — 2025-07-25

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the community's interest in taking out Mekaar loans for SMEs in Dagang Kerawan Village. Three factors examined in this study are financial literacy, credit requirements, and credit access. The study employs multiple linear regression analysis to test the impact of these three variables on the community’s interest. The results show that financial literacy (X1) has a significant impact on the public’s interest in accessing Mekaar financing. The higher the community's understanding of financial concepts such as interest, installments, and business management, the greater their interest. The ease, speed, and lack of bureaucracy in credit requirements (X2) also significantly influence, encouraging the public to access financing by fostering a sense of trust. Additionally, credit access (X3), which includes convenient locations, information, and direct approach by Mekaar officers, is a dominant factor in increasing community interest. Overall, these three independent variables were found to have a significant impact on the public's interest in choosing Mekaar financing, with each variable’s significance value being less than 0.05. This study recommends strengthening financial literacy, simplifying credit procedures, and improving accessibility to credit services as strategic steps to enhance community participation in the Mekaar program.

Development of Flipbook-Based Learning Media for Short Story Texts in 10th Grade at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tebo

Amar Salahuddin — 2025-07-30

This study aims to develop a learning media using Flipbook media for short story text material. The researcher chose Flipbook media because it is easy to use for the learning process to be interactive and interesting which provides students with an experience like reading a real book with an interactive page turning effect because Flipbook as a visual and multimedia that can contain text, images, and animation. This media was developed to involve the presentation of material in a structured manner, encourage independent learning, be environmentally friendly, cost-effective, make students interested in the learning process and make learning more interesting. This research method is development research or R&D with a 4D model consisting of the stages of defining (define), designing (design), developing (development), and disseminating (disseminate). This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tebo in the 2024/2025 academic year, the research subjects were 20 class X students. Data collection techniques used student response questionnaires, teacher responses, media expert validation sheets, language experts, and material experts. The results of this study indicate that researchers produce Flipbook-based learning media as a learning medium for short story text material, the media is said to be valid, seen from the results of the media expert validation obtained a score of 97.3% and is included in the "very valid" category, the language expert validation obtained a score of 95% and is included in the "very valid" category, and the material expert validation obtained a score of 98.3% and is included in the "very valid" category. This means that Flipbook-based learning media is suitable for use by educators and students. The results of the practicality research conducted by educators obtained a score of 96.3% including the "very valid" category, and class X students obtained a score of 98% including the "very valid" category. So it can be concluded that the Flipbook-based learning media that has been developed by researchers is suitable for use, because it has met the valid category.

The Role of Customary Law in Preserving Local Wisdom in the Modern Era

Ama Safina — 2025-07-30

This study aims to explore the role of customary law in preserving local culture amidst the growing challenges of globalization. Using a qualitative approach, the research involves literature review, in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and data analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the implementation and challenges of customary law in society. The results indicate that customary law plays a significant role in maintaining and preserving local traditions and cultural values. The community views customary law as a system that aligns more closely with their values, despite the challenges posed by formal positive law and the influence of foreign cultures on the younger generation. To ensure the sustainability of customary law, efforts to integrate customary law with national law are required, as well as involving the younger generation in the preservation of local culture. This study concludes that customary law has great potential in maintaining cultural identity, but its success depends on the commitment of society and support from various stakeholders.

The Effect of Working Capital Turnover and Current Ratio on Return on Assets at PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk for the Period 2014-2023

Iin Syofia Yandra — 2025-07-30

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Working Capital Turnover and Current Ratio on Return on Assets at PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk Period 2014-2023 either partially or simultaneously. The independent variables in this study are Working Capital Turnover and Current Ratio. The dependent variable is Return on Assets. The type of research is descriptive quantitative using secondary data from the 2014-2023 of the balance sheet and income statement of PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination analysis, using the program of SPSS version 26. The results of the hypothesis test show that Working Capital Turnover has a significant effect on Return on Assets, Current Ratio has no significant effect on Return on Assets. Simultaneously, Working Capital Turnover and Current Ratio have a significant effect on Return on Assets at PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk for the period 2014-2023. Analysis of the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) that Working Capital Turnover and Current Ratio contributed 69,4% to Return on Assets, and the remaining 30.6% was explained by other variables which were not examined in this research.

The Effect of Managerial Ownership and Firm Growth on Firm Value in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Muhammad Ihsan — 2025-07-30

This study aims to analyze the effect of managerial ownership and firm growth on firm value in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Managerial ownership is measured based on the percentage of shares owned by the management, while firm growth is measured by the increase in assets and revenue. Firm value is measured using Tobin’s Q as the primary indicator. The data used in this study is secondary data from manufacturing companies listed on the IDX during a selected period, using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression using statistical software. The results show that, simultaneously, managerial ownership and firm growth have a significant impact on firm value. Partially, firm growth has a significantly positive effect on firm value, while managerial ownership shows varying effects depending on the context of the company. These findings indicate that firm growth is an important factor in enhancing firm value, while the role of managerial ownership should be considered along with other factors in investment decision-making. This research provides contributions for investors and management in understanding the factors influencing the firm value of manufacturing companies on the IDX.

The Role of the Social Services, Women's Empowerment, and Child Protection Agency in Handling Cases of Child Abuse

Tami Rusli — 2025-08-01

This study discusses the function and authority of the Social Service for Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (Dinas Sosial P3A) in handling cases of violence against children in Bandar Lampung City. In the context of increasing sexual violence against children, the role of the Dinas Sosial P3A becomes very important, both in preventive efforts through socialization and education to the community, as well as repressive efforts through legal and psychological assistance for victims. This study uses a normative legal approach by examining various regulations, such as the Child Protection Law and Regional Regulations, as well as technical and managerial obstacles faced in their implementation. The results of the study show that legal protection for children has been regulated in various legal instruments that require synergy between local governments, law enforcement agencies, and civil society. This study emphasizes that institutional strengthening and increasing human resource capacity are key to creating an effective, responsive, and sustainable child protection system.

The Women and the Law: From Protection to Criminalization

Endang Prasetyawati — 2025-08-04

The position of women within Indonesia's legal system is often complex and vulnerable. Although legal norms formally guarantee protection for women, in practice, many cases reveal that women instead become re-victimized by the legal process itself. This paper aims to examine the shift in women’s status from victims to offenders in various criminal cases. The study employs a normative juridical approach combined with case study analysis. By reviewing cases involving domestic violence, human trafficking, and drug-related offenses, the research finds that structural factors such as gender inequality, power imbalances, and biases within law enforcement contribute to the criminalization of female victims. These findings highlight the urgent need for legal reform that incorporates a gender justice perspective as an integral part of Indonesia’s broader legal reform agenda.

Teachers’ Perceptions on Multiple Intelligences-Based Learning Strategies

Puji Rahmawati — 2024-11-29

This research aims to identify teacher perception toward Multiple Intelligences learning application in primary school. The descriptive qualitative was used as the research method. The data were collected by means of interviewing and documentation. The informants of this research were 5 (five) teachers of SD Muhammadiyah Inovatif Mertoyudan which were selected through purposive sampling. The data were inspected using triangulation method and source triangulation. The data analysis were conducted using qualitative data analysis which consisted of four steps: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification or conclusion. The research result indicated that teachers had various perceptions toward the appplication of Multiple Intelligences-based learning depended on the class level taught and the students' characteristics based on linguistic verbal, mathematical logical, visual spatial, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist and existential intelligence.

Design Thinking in Education: Developing a Cross-Subject Teacher Collaboration Platform for Creativity Assessment

Elsa Masriani — 2025-08-20

This study reports on the development of a digital platform designed to facilitate cross-subject collaboration among secondary school teachers in Indonesia for assessing students' creative works. Grounded in the Design Thinking methodology, the project progressed through the stages of Empathise, Define, Ideate, and Prototype. The platform addresses the gap in current assessment practices where creativity is undervalued due to limitations in teacher expertise and evaluation tools. By adopting a user-centred and co-design approach, involving teachers as active collaborators, the platform integrates principles of collaborative learning and computer-mediated communication. The article outlines the design process in detail, highlighting how Design Thinking guided the iterative development up to the prototyping phase, which produced a high-fidelity design ready for future testing.