An Analysis of Murder Cases in Indonesia and the Evidence Used in Criminal Proceedings

Abstract

In contemporary society, both individuals and groups may engage in conduct that deviates from prevailing social norms, particularly legal norms. The increasing incidence of criminal activity in Indonesia remains a significant concern, with criminal offenses ranging from seemingly minor acts of theft to robbery, sexual violence, and homicide. Homicide is a particularly serious criminal offense because it results in the loss of human life. In 2021, at least 1,076 homicide cases were recorded in Indonesia, involving victims of different ages and genders. This situation raises important questions regarding how homicide cases can be identified and distinguished and why evidence discovered at crime scenes can serve as a basis for identifying the perpetrator. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and historical approaches. Homicide cases often originate from minor conflicts that escalate and persist over time. Under Article 184 of the Indonesian Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP), recognized forms of evidence include witness testimony, expert testimony, documentary evidence, indications, and the defendant’s statement. Factors contributing to premeditated and non-premeditated homicide include family circumstances, economic conditions, and environmental factors. Therefore, greater public awareness is needed regarding criminal offenses and the legal sanctions applicable under Indonesian law.