Integrating Circular Carbon Economy into Waste Bank Supply Chains: An Analysis of Collaborative Networks and Net-Zero Strategies in Surabaya City

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the integration of the circular carbon economy into waste bank supply chains and to formulate an Integrated Circular Carbon Economy (ICCE) framework for net-zero strategies in Surabaya City. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, utilizing a literature-based approach focused on 15 key journals covering waste banks, the circular economy, the circular carbon economy, circular supply chains, and social network analysis; additional publicly available references were used to provide supporting information. Data were analyzed through cross-journal comparison, thematic grouping, and synthesis into an integrative framework. The results indicate that (1) the waste bank supply chain flow comprises households, waste banks, collectors, and the recycling industry; (2) the collaborative network structure among stakeholders remains fragmented and relies heavily on collectors and the Environmental Agency; (3) the most prominent "9R" practices are R3 (Reuse) and R8 (Recycle), whereas R0–R2 (Refuse, Rethink, Reduce) practices are minimal; and (4) the circular carbon economy concept encompasses elements such as emission reduction and carbon credits, yet major obstacles persist regarding Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) mechanisms and the institutional capacity of waste management entities. Managerial and policy implications are discussed to accelerate net-zero strategies within the waste management sector.