Improving Learning Outcomes in Whole Number Multiplication Using the Paper (Multiplication Board) Learning aid Among Fourth Grade Students at SDN Dukuh Kupang II Surabaya

Abstract

Mathematics This study was motivated by the persistently low mathematics learning outcomes regarding whole number multiplication among fourth-grade students at SDN Dukuh Kupang II Surabaya. Some students continued to struggle with understanding multiplication concepts and solving problems accurately. One contributing factor was an instructional approach that relied heavily on direct calculation methods, causing some students to become bored and disengaged during lessons. This study aimed to improve student learning outcomes through the use of the PAPER (Multiplication Board) learning aid. A Classroom Action Research (CAR) method was employed, conducted over two cycles. Each cycle comprised the stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The study subjects consisted of 25 fourth-grade students from SDN Dukuh Kupang II Surabaya. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observations of student activity, and documentation. Research data revealed that the initial average score was 62.4, with a class mastery rate of 40%. Following the implementation of the PAPER medium in Cycle I, the average score rose to 72.8, with a mastery rate of 64%. In Cycle II, the average score increased to 84.4, and the class mastery rate reached 88%. These results indicate that the use of the PAPER medium helps enhance student understanding and learning outcomes regarding whole number multiplication. The medium also renders learning activities more concrete and engaging, while encouraging active student participation.