Development of a Snakes and Ladders Learning Media to Improve Beginning Reading Skills in Indonesian Language Learning among Second-Grade Elementary School Students

Abstract

This study was motivated by the low beginning reading skills of second-grade elementary school students in Indonesian language subjects, caused by the limited use of engaging media during the learning process. This research aims to develop, test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of modified Snakes and Ladders learning media in improving students' beginning reading skills. This research utilized a Research and Development (R&D) method following the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research subjects were 28 second-grade students at SD Negeri 06 Kampung Lapai. Data collection instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher and student practicality questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test reading assessments. The validation results showed 96.00% from media experts, 90.00% from language experts, and 92.85% from material experts, yielding a mean validation score of 92.95% (very valid). The practicality test revealed a teacher response rate of 97.89% and a student response rate of 98.49% (very practical). Furthermore, the effectiveness test demonstrated a significant improvement in the class mean score from 71.78 in the pre-test to 93.57 in the post-test, with classical learning mastery increasing from 48.00% to 93.57%. Thus, the developed Snakes and Ladders learning media is feasible, practical, and highly effective for enhancing beginning reading skills in second-grade elementary school students.