Policy and Implementation Gaps in Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Abstract

Natural resource management in Indonesia faces various challenges in achieving sustainability, particularly related to resource utilization, environmental protection, governance, and the economic and social interests of communities. Natural resource management policies have been developed to support sustainable development, but their implementation still faces various challenges at the practical level. This study aims to analyze policies and implementation of sustainable natural resource management in Indonesia and to identify various challenges that affect their effectiveness. This study uses a literature review method by analyzing scientific articles and previous studies discussing natural resource management, environmental policies, governance, forestry, mining, water resources, and community-based management. The results show that sustainable natural resource management is influenced by policy effectiveness, governance quality, institutional capacity, community involvement, and consistency in policy implementation. Previous studies also indicate that gaps remain between policies and their implementation in practice. Therefore, strengthening institutional coordination, supervision, community participation, and policy implementation consistency is necessary to support sustainable natural resource management in Indonesia.