Globalization and Sustainable Development in the International Economy: An Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges in Achieving the SDGs

Abstract

Globalization has strengthened economic integration among countries through trade, investment, technology, and international cooperation, which can support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while also creating economic, social, and environmental challenges. This study aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges of globalization for sustainable development from an international economics perspective. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method based on relevant journal articles and publications. The results show that globalization creates opportunities through market expansion, investment, technology transfer, and international cooperation, but also presents challenges such as inequality, economic dependence, environmental pressures, and technological gaps. Therefore, achieving the SDGs requires the management of economic openness in a way that balances economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection.